Five Hundred Years Later — A Debt of Gratitude Written in
Blood
Reformation Day.
On October 31, 1517, a German monk named Martin Luther challenged the practices of the Roman Catholic Church by presenting his Ninety-Five Theses in Wittenberg, Germany. That event became a defining moment in the Protestant Reformation, forever changing the course of Christianity and much of the Western world.
Yet, while Luther's name is familiar to many, another reformer, his contemporary, deserves our attention.
His name was William Tyndale.
And this year, 2026, we have two particularly meaningful reasons to remember him.
Five hundred years ago, in 1526, Tyndale published the first complete printed English New Testament translated directly from the original Greek. And this October marks 490 years since his brutal execution in 1536, condemned for heresy after years of defying religious authorities through his teachings and determination to make God's Word available in English.
Think about that for a moment.
Today, I can purchase a Bible in any number of English translations, open my phone and access dozens more, or listen to Scripture while riding my motorcycle. Yet, five centuries ago, a man was hunted, betrayed, imprisoned, and ultimately executed for convictions that included making that very privilege possible.
Why? Because he believed ordinary people should have the opportunity to read and understand God's Word in their own language.
A Bible for the Common Man
In sixteenth-century England, church and state were deeply intertwined, and religious disagreement could carry severe consequences. The Scriptures used in the established church were principally in Latin, a language most ordinary English men and women could neither read nor understand.
There had been earlier efforts to translate the Bible into English. More than a century before Tyndale, John Wycliffe and his associates had produced an English Bible translated from the Latin Vulgate. These, however, were handwritten manuscripts. Tyndale would undertake something revolutionary: translating the New Testament directly from Greek and making printed copies available to ordinary readers.
His desire was not merely to produce another religious book. He wanted farmers, laborers, tradesmen, and families to discover God's Word for themselves.According to the historian John Foxe, during a disagreement with a learned clergyman, Tyndale declared that, if God spared his life: "I will cause a boy that driveth the plough to know more of the Scripture than thou dost."
What a remarkable declaration! Not a king, bishop, or university professor, but a boy driving a plow. Tyndale believed that knowing God through His Word should not be a privilege reserved for the educated and powerful.
And he was prepared to devote his life to making that possible.
Two Scholars, One Extraordinary Desire
Before following Tyndale, across the English Channel, another important figure deserves recognition: Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam.
Erasmus was a brilliant Dutch scholar who remained within the Roman Catholic Church. In 1516, he published an edition of the Greek New Testament accompanied by his own Latin translation. His work would provide an important textual foundation for both Luther's German New Testament and Tyndale's English translation.
Although Erasmus did not embrace the Protestant Reformation, he shared Tyndale's desire for ordinary people to have greater access to the Scriptures. In the introduction to his Greek New Testament, he expressed this beautiful hope: "If only the farmer would sing something from them at his plow, the weaver move his shuttle to their tune..."He went on to envision travelers passing their journeys with the stories of Scripture. Imagine that picture: farmers, weavers, and travelers, not merely hearing about Scripture from someone else, but knowing it personally.
And notice the remarkable similarity between these two men. Erasmus dreamed of a farmer singing Scripture behind his plow, while Tyndale dreamed of a boy driving that plow who would know the Scriptures for himself.
Two scholars, two expressions of the same extraordinary desire: that ordinary people might know the extraordinary Word of God.
Twelve Years of Exile
In 1523, Tyndale traveled to London seeking permission and support to translate the Scriptures into English. He approached Cuthbert Tunstall, the Bishop of London, but his request was rejected.
Why would anyone oppose making God's Word understandable to the very people it was intended to teach? The answer involved religious authority, political power, concerns over doctrine, and fear of independent interpretation. But to Tyndale, the matter was far simpler: God had spoken through His Word, and the people needed to hear Him.
Unable to accomplish his mission safely in England, Tyndale crossed the English Channel in 1524, beginning twelve years of exile. He would never return to his homeland.
Working primarily from the Greek New Testament prepared by Erasmus, Tyndale completed his translation and arranged for its printing. In 1525, printing began in Cologne, Germany, but authorities discovered the undertaking, forcing him to flee. He escaped to Worms, where his complete English New Testament was finally printed in 1526.
Five hundred years ago.
Copies soon began making their way secretly into England, hidden among merchandise and carried through the networks of sympathetic merchants. Religious authorities confiscated and publicly burned them, including copies collected under the direction of the very bishop from whom Tyndale had originally sought support.Imagine the irony. The Word of God, translated into English so ordinary people could read it, was being deliberately destroyed by religious authorities who believed they were protecting the church.
Yet the Scriptures continued to spread. The printing press had changed everything, allowing hundreds of copies to be reproduced and circulated. Once those words entered the hands and hearts of readers, stopping their influence became increasingly difficult.
A Shipwreck and a Determined Scholar
Having completed his New Testament, Tyndale turned toward translating the Old Testament, a demanding undertaking requiring his growing knowledge of Hebrew.
According to Foxe, while traveling by sea toward Hamburg, Tyndale suffered a devastating setback. His ship was wrecked, and with it went his money, books, and precious translation manuscripts. Although some details of this account remain uncertain, imagine losing months of painstaking work while your very life was endangered by the project you were attempting to complete.Gone!
Some might have regarded such a disaster as a sign to abandon the undertaking. Perhaps the opposition was simply too great, or perhaps God had other plans. But Tyndale did not view his difficulties as permission to surrender. He began again.
With renewed determination, and assistance from fellow translator Miles Coverdale according to Foxe's account, Tyndale continued his work. In 1530, his English translation of the first five books of the Old Testament—the Pentateuch—was published, followed by Jonah in 1531.
What extraordinary perseverance! And what a reminder that the purposes of God are not necessarily defeated by the difficulties of men.
Betrayed — A Life Given for God's Word
For years, Tyndale avoided capture while continuing to revise and translate the Scriptures. By 1534, he was living in Antwerp, in present-day Belgium, under the protection of an English merchant named Thomas Poyntz.
But danger was drawing closer. A young Englishman named Henry Phillips gradually gained Tyndale's confidence, only to betray him. In the spring of 1535, Phillips arranged for his arrest, and Tyndale was imprisoned at Vilvoorde Castle, near Brussels, for approximately sixteen months.
Consider the circumstances. Here was a gifted scholar who might have pursued a comfortable life through teaching or academic recognition. Instead, he had sacrificed security, homeland, and freedom to translate God's Word. Now he sat in a prison cell, awaiting trial for heresy… The penalty would be death.
Pause for a moment and consider that reality. A man whose great desire was for a child working in a field to read and understand the Bible was executed after devoting his life to making that possible.
He had not led an army, sought a kingdom, or accumulated wealth and political power. He had translated the Word of God.
And according to Foxe, his final prayer was: "Lord, open the King of England's eyes."
What an extraordinary expression of faith. What an extraordinary sacrifice. And what a debt of gratitude we owe this man.
The King Who Finally Opened His Eyes
But Tyndale's story did not end at the stake in Vilvoorde. What happened next may be one of the most remarkable ironies in the history of the English Bible.
Remember his final prayer?
"Lord, open the King of England's eyes."
In 1537, less than one year after Tyndale's execution, a complete English Bible known as the Matthew Bible appeared. Assembled by his associate John Rogers, it incorporated Tyndale's New Testament, his Pentateuch, and additional Old Testament translations, with the remaining portions drawn principally from Miles Coverdale.
In other words, Tyndale's work formed the foundation of this remarkable Bible.
And here is the extraordinary part. King Henry VIII permitted its circulation under royal authority! The very king whose government had opposed Tyndale's translations now permitted an English Bible built substantially upon his work.And it didn't stop there. In 1538, the royal government ordered English Bibles to be provided in parish churches. The following year, the Great Bible appeared, another translation deeply indebted to Tyndale, becoming the first officially authorized English Bible for widespread use in the Church of England.
Think about that!
For years, authorities had confiscated and burned Tyndale's Scriptures, pursued their translator across Europe, and condemned him to death. Yet within just a few years, English Bibles based substantially upon his work were being placed in churches!
Certainly, Henry VIII's motivations involved politics, his break with Rome, and royal authority rather than an embrace of all Tyndale's theological convictions. Nevertheless, the reversal was extraordinary.
Tyndale never lived to witness it. But I cannot help wondering what he would have thought had he known that the very Scriptures he had risked everything to translate would soon be permitted in his homeland.
The boy driving the plow might finally have the opportunity to read them.
A Legacy That Could Not Be Silenced
And Tyndale's influence did not end there.
Seventy-five years after his execution, in 1611, the King James Bible appeared. Although produced by a committee of scholars drawing upon the original biblical languages and earlier English translations, its dependence upon Tyndale's work was unmistakable.Scholars commonly estimate that approximately four-fifths of the wording of the King James New Testament reflects Tyndale's translation, although the percentage varies according to how the influence is measured.
Consider the significance. The man condemned for producing an English New Testament had supplied much of the language that would eventually appear in one of history's most influential English Bibles.
Generations would read words shaped by the labor of a man whose name many would never know.
What began as a forbidden translation became an enduring spiritual and literary inheritance.
What Man Intended for Evil
As I reflect upon Tyndale's life and death, I cannot help but think of Joseph's words to the brothers who had betrayed him: "As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good." — Genesis 50:20 (ESV)
Those words seem particularly fitting. Tyndale's enemies confiscated his work, burned his books, pursued him across Europe, and eventually took his life. Yet they could not extinguish the Word of God.
The very translation they sought to suppress became the foundation of English Bibles that the government itself would soon permit and encourage.
Tyndale's body was consumed by fire, but the Scriptures he translated continued to spread. Five hundred years later, we are still reading the Bible in a language profoundly shaped by his work.
What man intended to destroy, God, in His providence, could use to accomplish something far greater.
They silenced the translator, but they could not silence the truth he had translated.
The Bible on My Shelf
As I sit here five hundred years after Tyndale's extraordinary undertaking, I cannot help reflecting upon something both encouraging and deeply convicting.
I have several Bibles. In fact, I suspect many of us have more than one. Perhaps a favorite beside our chair, another on the nightstand, one in the office, and several translations available on our phones.
We can read the words of Jesus, study the letters of Paul, and gather with friends and family to explore the Scriptures without fear of imprisonment. And yet, I wonder. Have we become so accustomed to having the Bible that we have forgotten just how extraordinary that privilege really is?
Tyndale spent twelve years in exile so ordinary people could read the Scriptures. He endured hardship, opposition, betrayal, imprisonment, and ultimately death. And here I sit, five centuries later, with God's Word readily available.
I don't have to cross an ocean to obtain it, conceal it beneath my clothing, or worry that opening its pages might cost me my freedom. I simply reach for it. What an extraordinary gift. And what an extraordinary responsibility.
Five hundred years later, their hopes have been fulfilled in ways neither could have imagined.
The question is no longer whether we can obtain the Scriptures. The question is whether we will treasure them enough to open them.
This October, as we remember the Protestant Reformation, the 500th anniversary of Tyndale's English New Testament, and the 490th anniversary of his martyrdom, may we do more than acknowledge a remarkable moment in history. May we remember the sacrifice, appreciate the privilege, and become men and women who read, study, believe, and live according to the Word of God.Because the greatest tribute we can offer William Tyndale is not simply to remember the man who helped give us the Scriptures in English, but to treasure the truth for which he was willing to die.
Five hundred years later, the Bible remains within our
reach. May it never become distant from our
hearts.
In the video below Gavin Ortlund has provided a very gracious, honest, and historically accurate account of William Tyndale and those who followed his teaching.






























